Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson
Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson
"I happened to read a story by Peter Kyne with a character called Broncho Billy and I stole the name for the films. Later I met Kyne and he said it was alright. We never bought anything in those days; we even stole our plots from Argosy and other magazines."
Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson
Birth name:
Maxwell Henry Aronson
Born:
21st March 1880, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Died:
20th January 1971, South Pasadena, California, USA
Years active:
1903 - 1965
He might not have been the screen’s first cowboy, but Gilbert Maxwell Anderson provided cinema with its first serialised western hero: Broncho Billy, the star of over 140 one-and-two-reel films. Anderson didn’t confine his activities to just acting; he also possessed a keen business brain, and in 1907, founded the Essanay Studios with George Kirke Spoor. During his nine-year association with the studio, it produced over 300 films, including the Broncho Billy adventures and fourteen Charlie Chaplin shorts.
Anderson was born Maxwell Henry Aronson on 21st March 1880 in Little Rock, Arkansas. His father, Henry, was a dry goods salesman who moved his family to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1883. In his teens, Aronson worked as an office clerk, and at twenty he was a cotton buyer in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, with his brother-in-law, Louis Roth. But Maxwell disliked the clerical life and had such a deep longing to work on the stage that, after enrolling in a St. Louis acting school, he headed to New York, intent on becoming a star on Broadway. However, the only work he found was in a minstrel show from which he was fired because his off-key backing singing distracted the show’s tenor.
Unable to find work because of his lack of acting talent, he posed for the Saturday Evening Post until a theatrical agent suggested he try the flickers. Theatrical actors stigmatised working in movies, but Aronson was desperate, so he changed his name to George M. Anderson and strode into the Edison studios at 41 East Twenty-first Street, where he was hired as an extra for fifty cents an hour.
One of his first assignments was on Edwin S. Porter’s The Great Train Robbery. Porter cast him as a robber because he falsely claimed he could ride a horse, a lie that quickly came to light when the horse he tried to mount from the wrong side threw him off. Nevertheless, Porter kept him on and cast him in three roles: a robber, a passenger shot when he tries to escape, and a tenderfoot forced to dance at gunpoint by the robbers. Upon seeing the audience's reaction to Porter’s film, Anderson decided movies were for him.
But in 1904, he left Edison and returned to St. Louis. He was soon back in New York, though, in a vaudeville act with his younger sister, Leona, which quickly failed. The following year, Anderson saw the hit play Raffles, about a gentleman thief, and felt it would make an excellent subject for the movies. He took his idea to Vitagraph and suggested they make a 17-minute film of the play. His connection with Porter’s The Great Train Robbery, which was still packing cinemas, convinced them to take Anderson up on his idea, and they allowed him to both produce and direct it. The movie, Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman, released on 23rd September 1905, became a smash hit, and Vitagraph kept Anderson on the payroll. However, Anderson left in 1906 when the studio heads refused to make him a partner.
He travelled to Chicago and convinced William Selig, the city’s only film producer, to make story movies in addition to the scenic pictures he had been producing. They made ten films in six months, and when the weather turned inhospitable, Anderson decamped for Denver, where, in a single month, he and cameraman Harry Buckwalter made a further twelve.
Again, Anderson quit when Selig refused to promote him to a more senior position in his expanding business. However, Anderson’s luck turned when he walked into George K. Spoor’s office at 62 North Clark Street in downtown Chicago. Spoor manufactured the Kinodrome projector and also rented films to theatres across the western United States. Using $2,500 of Spoor’s money, the two men founded the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company on 29th April 1907.
Their first film, An Awful Skate, was an enormous hit. In July 1907, convinced of enduring success, Spoor and Anderson announced the formation of the Essanay Manufacturing Company. The new organisation’s name was derived from the initials of its founders’ surnames – S and A. It was now that Anderson changed his forename to Gilbert.
Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson in Broncho Billy and the Schoolmistress (1912)
Anderson was a minority stockholder and secretary of the company, responsible for writing, producing, directing, and editing its films until they hired a second director in 1908. In December of that year, he travelled to San Francisco to make a series of comedies featuring Ben Turpin. Historians often cite one of these, Mr. Flip, as featuring the first pie in the face gag, although it’s possible that the Biograph comedy Family Troubles claimed that comic milestone in 1900. On the way back to Chicago in 1909, Anderson stopped off in Yuma, Arizona, to make The Road Agents, his first western in the real West. He made three more in Colorado in March 1909 that were so successful he returned in October to make more. It was then that Anderson started acting in his films, appearing firstly in The Ranchman’s Rival. He made Broncho Billy’s Adventure, the first of his 140 Broncho Billy westerns, during this period.
In 1910, Anderson married Mollie Schabbleman, whom he met at the Sherman House Hotel in Chicago. They remained married until Anderson’s death in 1971 and produced one child, Maxine. In September of that year, he left for California with a company of ten, stopping to film at various locations before arriving at Niles in California on 1st April 1912. Within weeks, he rented a barn on 2nd Street for their studio. The area, with its access to Niles Canyon, proved so ideal for shooting westerns that Anderson persuaded his business partner to provide $52,000 to build a studio on Front Street.
Anderson pulled off a major coup in late 1914 by signing comic sensation Charlie Chaplin, whose contract with Mack Sennett’s Keystone Studios was ending. Against Spoor’s wishes, he offered the Englishman $1,250 per week plus a $10,000 signing bonus. Chaplin made fourteen shorts for Essanay and made a cameo appearance in the Broncho Billy film His Regeneration.
Early in 1916, a disillusioned Anderson sold his shares in Essanay – worth an estimated $500,000-$1,000,000 – to George Spoor, with whom his relationship had grown increasingly difficult. However, he wasn’t idle. In that year alone, he co-financed a play, Nothing but the Truth, on Broadway, bought shares in a New York theatre, bought land in San Francisco on which he planned to build another theatre, co-founded the Andermat Aeroplane Company, bought into the Boston Red Sox baseball team and directed Vera, the Medium for Lewis Selznick. Unfortunately, none of these ventures succeeded for long. Their failure was a portent of the business fortunes that lie ahead for the former star.
The Golden West Production Company, which he co-founded with several San Francisco businessmen in 1918, folded after producing just two feature films and a two-reeler. Undeterred, Anderson formed the Amalgamated Producing Company, where he made several Stan Laurel comedies (including The Lucky Dog, Laurel’s first screen pairing with his future partner, Oliver Hardy). However, this venture also failed, and Anderson, once one of cinema’s most influential personalities, left the movie business in 1923.
He lived in San Francisco throughout the 1920s and 1930s, managing an apartment house on O’Farrell Street before moving to Los Angeles with his wife in 1942. Anderson led a quiet life, largely forgotten by the industry, apart from when he sued Paramount Pictures, the producers of Star-Spangled Rhythm, for portraying him as a “washed up and broken down actor.” He was in court again in 1947, insisting he didn’t have the funds to repay a debt that had been owing for 27 years.
In 1958, at 78, he received an honorary Academy Award for the development of motion pictures as entertainment. In 1964, Anderson, frail, almost deaf and wheelchair-bound, moved into the Woodland Hills Motion Picture Home. The following year, he briefly came out of retirement to make his last screen appearance in The Bounty Killer, a low-budget western featuring a host of veteran western stars. He spoke two lines – the only words he ever uttered on screen.
In 1970, Anderson’s frail health deteriorated further, and he was moved to the Academy’s Brierwood Convalescent Home. He died there on 20th January 1971 at the age of 90.
Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson filmography:
The Great Train Robbery (short) (1903) (a), The Messenger Boy's Mistake (short) (1903) (a), What Happened in the Tunnel (short) (1903) (a), A Brush Between Cowboys and Indians (short) (1904) (a), Western Stage Coach Hold Up (short) (1904) (a), Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (short) (1905) (a), The Train Wreckers (short) (1905) (a), The Female Highwayman (short) (1906) (a,d), Who’s Who (short) (1906) (a,d), Dolly's Papa (short) (1906) (a,d), Lights of a Great City (short) (1906) (a,d), Life of an American Cowboy (short) (1906) (a,w,p), An Awful Skate (short) (1907) (a,w,p,d), The Bandit King (short) (1907) (a,d), Western Justice (short) (1907) (a,d), The Bandit Makes Good (short) (1908) (a,d), The Baseball Fan (short) (1908) (a,w,d), Shanghaied (short) (1909) (a), The Road Agents (short) (1909) (a), A Tale of the West (short) (1909) (a), A Mexican's Gratitude (short) (1909) (a), Mr. Flip (short) (1909) (a,d), The Indian Trailer (short) (1909) (a), Black Sheep (short) (1909) (a), A Maid of the Mountains (short) (1909) (a), The Best Man Wins (short) (1909) (a), Judgment (short) (1909) (a), His Reformation (short) (1909) (a), The Ranchman's Rival (short) (1909) (a), The Spanish Girl (short) (1909) (a), The Heart of a Cowboy (short) (1909) (a), A Western Maid (short) (1910) (a), An Outlaw's Sacrifice (short) (1910) (a), Western Chivalry (short) (1910) (a), The Cowboy and the Squaw (short) (1910) (a), The Mexican's Faith (short) (1910) (a), The Ranch Girl's Legacy (short) (1910) (a), The Fence at Bar Z Ranch (short) (1910) (a), The Girl and the Fugitive (short) (1910) (a), The Flower of the Ranch (short) (1910) (a), The Ranger's Bride (short) (1910) (a), The Mistaken Bandit (short) (1910) (a), The Cowboy's Sweetheart (short) (1910) (a), A Vein of Gold (short) (1910) (a), The Sheriff's Sacrifice (short) (1910) (a), The Cowpuncher's Ward (short) (1910) (a), The Brother, the Sister and the Cowpuncher (short) (1910) (a), Away Out West (short) (1910) (a), The Ranchmen's Feud or The Ranchman's Feud (short) (1910) (a), The Bandit's Wife (short) (1910) (a), The Forest Ranger (short) (1910) (a), The Bad Man's Last Deed (short) (1910) (a), The Unknown Claim (short) (1910) (a), Trailed to the West or Trailed to the Hills? (short) (1910) (a), The Desperado (short) (1910) (a), Broncho Billy's Redemption (short) (1910) (a), Under Western Skies (short) (1910) (a), The Girl on Triple X Ranch (short) (1910) (a), The Dumb Half Breed's Defense (short) (1910) (a), The Deputy's Love (short) (1910) (a), The Millionaire and the Ranch Girl (short) (1910) (a), An Indian Girl's Love (short) (1910) (a), The Pony Express Rider (short) (1910) (a), Patricia of the Plains (short) (1910) (a), The Bearded Bandit (short) (1910) (a), Pals of the Range (short) (1910) (a), The Silent Message (short) (1910) (a), A Westerner's Way (short) (1910) (a), The Marked Trail (short) (1910) (a), A Western Woman's Way (short) (1910) (a), Circle C Ranch Wedding Present (short) (1910) (a), A Cowboy's Vindication (short) (1910) (a), The Tenderfoot Messenger (short) (1910) (a), The Bad Man's Christmas Gift (short) (1910) (a), A Gambler of the West (short) (1910) (a), The Count and the Cowboys (short) (1911) (a), The Girl of the West (short) (1911) (a), The Border Ranger (short) (1911) (a), The Two Reformations (short) (1911) (a), Carmenita, the Faithful (short) (1911) (a), Bad Man's Downfall (short) (1911) (a), The Cattleman's Daughter (short) (1911) (a), The Outlaw and the Child (short) (1911) (a), On the Desert's Edge (short) (1911) (a), The Romance on Bar Q Ranch or The Romance on “Bar O” (short) (1911) (a), A Thwarted Vengeance (short) (1911) (a), Across the Plains (short) (1911) (a), The Sheriff's Chum (short) (1911) (a), The Bad Man's First Prayer (short) (1911) (a), The Indian Maiden's Lesson (short) (1911) (a), The Puncher's New Love (short) (1911) (a), The Lucky Card (short) (1911) (a), Forgiven in Death (short) (1911) (a), The Tribe's Penalty (short) (1911) (a), The Hidden Mine (short) (1911) (a), The Sheriff's Brother (short) (1911) (a), At the Break of Dawn (short) (1911) (a), The Corporation and the Ranch Girl (short) (1911) (a), The Outlaw Samaritan (short) (1911) (a), The Two Fugitives (short) (1911) (a), The Two-Gun Man (short) (1911) (a), A Pal's Oath (short) (1911) (a), Spike Shannon's Last Fight (short) (1911) (a), What a Woman Can Do (short) (1911) (a), A Western Girl's Sacrifice (short) (1911) (a), Broncho Billy's Last Spree or Broncho Bill's Last Spree (short) (1911) (a), The Cowpuncher's Law or The Puncher's Law (short) (1911) (a), The Millionaire and the Squatter (short) (1911) (a), The Sheriff (short) (1911) (a), An Indian's Sacrifice (short) (1911) (a), The Power of Good (short) (1911) (a), The Sheriff's Decision (short) (1911) (a), The Stage Driver's Daughter (short) (1911) (a), The Cowboy's Mother-in-Law (short) (1911) (a), A Western Redemption (short) (1911) (a), The Forester's Plea (short) (1911) (a), The Outlaw Deputy (short) (1911) (a), The Girl Back East (short) (1911) (a), The Cattle Rustler's Father (short) (1911) (a), The Desert Claim (short) (1911) (a), The Mountain Law (short) (1911) (a), A Frontier Doctor (short) (1911) (a), The Cowboy Coward (short) (1911) (a), Broncho Billy's Christmas Dinner (short) (1911) (a), Broncho Billy's Adventure (short) (1911) (a), Child of the West (short) (1912) (a), The Tenderfoot Foreman (short) (1912) (a), The Sheepman's Escape (short) (1912) (a), The Oath of His Office (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy and the Schoolmistress (short) (1912) (a), The Deputy and the Girl (short) (1912) (a), The Prospector's Legacy (short) (1912) (a), The Ranch Girl's Mistake (short) (1912) (a), The Bandit's Child (short) (1912) (a), The Deputy's Love Affair (short) (1912) (a), Alkali Bests Broncho Billy (short) (1912) (a), An Arizona Escapade (short) (1912) (a), A Road Agent's Love (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy and the Girl (short) (1912) (a), Under Mexican Skies (short) (1912) (a), The Cattle King's Daughter (short) (1912) (a), The Indian and the Child (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy and the Bandits (short) (1912) (a), The Dead Man's Claim (short) (1912) (a), A Western Legacy (short) (1912) (a), The Desert Sweetheart (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Bible (short) (1912) (a), On El Monte Ranch (short) (1912) (a), A Child of the Purple Sage (short) (1912) (a), Western Hearts (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Gratitude (short) (1912) (a), The Foreman's Cousin (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy and the Indian Maid (short) (1912) (a), On the Cactus Trail (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Narrow Escape (short) (1912) (a), A Story of Montana (short) (1912) (a), The Smuggler's Daughter (short) (1912) (a), A Wife of the Hills (short) (1912) (a), A Moonshiner's Heart (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Pal (short) (1912) (a), The Little Sheriff (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Last HoldUp (short) (1912) (a), On the Moonlight Trail (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Escapade (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy for Sheriff (short) (1912) (a), The Ranchman's Trust (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy Outwitted (short) (1912) (a), An Indian Sunbeam (short) (1912) (a), Love on Tough Luck Ranch (short) (1912) (a), The Shotgun Ranchman (short) (1912) (a), The Tomboy on Bar Z (short) (1912) (a), The Ranch Girl's Trial (short) (1912) (a), The Mother of the Ranch (short) (1912) (a), An Indian's Friendship (short) (1912) (a), The Dance at Silver Gulch (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Heart (short) (1912) (a), The Boss of the Katy Mine (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Mexican Wife (short) (1912) (a), Western Girls (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Love Affair (short) (1912) (a), The Prospector (short) (1912) (a), The Sheriff's Luck (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy's Promise (short) (1912) (a), The Sheriff's Inheritance (short) (1912) (a), Their Promise (short) (1912) (a), Broncho Billy and the Maid (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Outlaw's Mother (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Brother (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's GunPlay (short) (1913) (a), The Making of Broncho Billy (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Last Deed (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Ward (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Sheriff's Kid (short) (1913) (a), The Influence on Broncho Billy (short) (1913) (a), A Montana Mix-Up (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Squatter's Daughter (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Step-Sisters (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Sister (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Gratefulness (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Way (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Reason (short) (1913) (a), The Accusation of Broncho Billy (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Rustler's Child (short) (1913) (a), The Story the Desert Told (short) (1913) (a), The Crazy Prospector (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Express Rider (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Grit (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Capture (short) (1913) (a), The Rustler's Spur (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Western Girls (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Schoolmam's Sweetheart (short) (1913) (a), The Tenderfoot Sheriff (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy and the Navajo Maid (short) (1913) (a), The Man in the Cabin (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Mistake (short) (1913) (a), A Western Sister's Devotion (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Conscience (short) (1913) (a), Bonnie of the Hills (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy Reforms (short) (1913) (a), The Redeemed Claim (short) (1913) (a), Days of the Pony Express (short) (1913) (a), Why Broncho Billy Left Bear County (short) (1913) (a), Belle of the Siskiyou (short) (1913) (a), The Struggle (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Oath (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy Gets Square (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Elopement (short) (1913) (a), The Doctor's Duty (short) (1913) (a), The Rustler's Step-Daughter (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Secret (short) (1913) (a), The New Schoolmarm of Green River (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's First Arrest (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Squareness (short) (1913) (a), Three Gamblers (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy's Christmas Deed (short) (1913) (a), Broncho Billy Guardian (short) (1914) (a), The Night on the Road (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Bad Man (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Settler's Daughter (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Red Man (short) (1914) (a), The Calling of Jim Barton (short) (1914) (a), The Interference of Broncho Billy (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's True Love (short) (1914) (a), The Treachery of Broncho Billy's Pal (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Rattler (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Indian Romance (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Gunman (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Close Call (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Sermon (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Leap (short) (1914) (a), Red Riding Hood of the Hills (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Cunning Way or Broncho Billy's Cunning (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Duty (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Mine Shark (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Outlaw (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Jealousy (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Punishment (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Sheriff (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Puts One Over (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Gambler (short) (1914) (a), The Squatter's Gal (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Fatal Joke (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Wins Out (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Wild Ride (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy the Vagabond (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy a Friend in Need (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Butts In (short) (1914) (a), Strategy of Broncho Billy's Sweetheart (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy, Trapper or Broncho Billy Trapped (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Greaser (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy Rewarded (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy-Favorite (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Mother (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Scheme (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Decision (short) (1914) (a), The Tell-Tale Hand (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Double Escape (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Judgment (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Dad (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy's Christmas Spirit (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Sheriff's Office (short) (1914) (a), Broncho Billy and the Escaped Bandit or Broncho Billy and the Escape Artist (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Claim Jumpers (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Baby (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the False Note (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Greaser Deputy (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Sentence (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Vigilante (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Brother (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Vengeance (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Teachings (short) (1915) (a), The Western Way (short) (1915) (a), The Outlaw's Awakening (short) (1915) (a), Ingomar of the Hills (short) (1915) (a), Andy of the Royal Mounted (short) (1915) (a), The Face at the Curtain (short) (1915) (a), His Wife's Secret (short) (1915) (a), His Regeneration (short) (1915) (a), The Other Girl (short) (1915) (a), The Revenue Agent or Broncho Billy and the Revenue Agent (short) (1915) (a), The Bachelor's Burglar (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Word of Honor (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Land Grabber (short) (1915) (a), The Little Prospector (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy Well Repaid (short) (1915) (a), The Bachelor's Baby (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Posse (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Protege (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Surrender (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy Steps In (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Marriage (short) (1915) (a), Her Return (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy Begins Life Anew (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Lumber King (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Card Sharp (short) (1915) (a), The Convict's Threat (short) (1915) (a), An Unexpected Romance (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy Misled (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy, Sheepman (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Parents (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy Evens Matters (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Cowardly Brother (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Mexican Wife (short) (1915) (a), The Indian's Narrow Escape (short) (1915) (a), Too Much Turkey (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy's Love Affair (short) (1915) (a), The Burglar's Godfather (short) (1915) (a), The Escape of Broncho Billy (short) (1915) (a), A Christmas Revenge (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the MacGuire Gang (short) (1915) (a), Broncho Billy and the Parson (short) (1915) (a), Her Lesson (short) (1916) (d), The Book Agent's Romance (short) (1916) (d), The Man in Him (short) (1916) (d), Humanity (1916) (a), Naked Hands (1918) (a), Shootin' Mad (short) (1918) (a), Red Blood and Yellow (short) (1919) (a,d), The Son-of-a-Gun (1919) (a,d), The Weak-End Party (short) (1922) (d), The Pest (short) (1922) (d), Wide Wide World – The Western (short) (1958) (a), The Bounty Killer (1965) (a).
Key (a = actor, d = director, p = producer, w = writer)